Effect of Concrete Components on the Performance of High-efficient Water Reducing Agent

The purchasing pace at the demand end of the international thermal coal market continues to slow down and the international thermal coal price continues to decline. Prices for thermal coal at major international ports continued to fall last week as buyers in Europe slowed in recent days for April, coupled with weaker-than-expected import demand from End users in China. According to China Coal Market net monitoring:  Australia Newcastle port thermal coal price index was 253 USD/ton, compared with 309.02 USD/ton, down 56.02 USD/ton, down 18.13%. South Africa's Port Richards thermal coal price Index was $264.5 / mt, down the US $62.72 / mt or 19.17% from US $327.22 / mt. The European ARA Tri-port thermal coal price Index was $281.8 / ton. Does the price of thermal coal in major international ports continue to decline to affect the price of the concrete water reducer? 

Concrete is a mixture of a graded aggregate, sand, water, and cement. It is necessary to study the influence of concrete components on the effect of the high-efficient superplasticizer in order to give full play to their due effect.

Graded aggregate and sand in concrete can be collectively referred to as sand and stone, which has almost no effect on the efficient water reducing agent. From the action mechanism of the efficient water reducing agent, it can be known that the efficient water reducing agent mainly acts on cement, and then affects the properties of concrete.  Therefore, it is an important direction to study the influence of cement on the performance of high-efficient superplasticizers.

The research shows that the properties of cement, such as composition, fineness, and particle shape, have a certain influence on the performance of superplasticizers. 

Effect of concrete composition on the performance of high-efficient water reducing agent

It is found in the experiment that the plasticizing effect of slag cement is better than that of ordinary cement when the content of the superplasticizer is constant. Slag cement slag existing in the small particles, in the process of mixing, contributes to high-efficient water reducing agents and a good contact with water, cement, compared with the ordinary cement, slag cement in favor of the circulation of the high-efficient water reducing agent and uniform distribution, more conducive to play a role of the corresponding high-efficient water reducing agent, intuitive performance the plasticizing effect of slag cement is better than that of ordinary cement.

Effect of cement particle size on the action capacity of superplasticizer

It is found that the particle size of cement has a great influence on the performance of superplasticizer. Under the condition of keeping the other technological conditions and components unchanged, the smaller the particle size of cement, the more efficient water reducing agent can play its performance; On the contrary, the bigger the particle size of cement, the worse the plasticizing effect of the efficient water-reducing agent on cement.  From the microscopic point of view, the smaller the cement particle size, the more cement particles per unit volume, the larger the specific surface area, and the more full contact with the efficient water reducing agent, the more conducive to the performance of the efficient water reducing agent. 

Experimental data show that when the content of superplasticizer is 1%, the fineness of cement is larger, the efficiency of superplasticizer is more fully played, and the fluidity of cement slurry is better. But when the content of superplasticizer is less than 0.3%, the promotion effect of cement fineness on superplasticizer is almost nonexistent.

Effect of cement particle shape on the action ability of superplasticizer

Cement particle shape on the performance of high-efficient water reducing agent role ability is, after mixing cement, cement particles of different shapes, the flocculant produced condensed structure size and difficulty level of each are not identical, cement slurry liquidity difference is bigger, the effect of the high-efficient water reducing agent to join the environment is different, the beneficial effects are different, will affect the ability to function.

The results show that the effect of the superplasticizer is stronger when the cement particle shape is gravel than when the cement particle shape is pebble. It can be understood that when cement particles are mixed at any time, it is easier to form a flocculation structure. The formation of flocculation structure is more stable and the structure is more continuous, which is conducive to the efficient water reducing agent playing its own effect. And the flocculation structure composed of cement particles in the shape of pebbles is easy to collapse, and the continuity of Xuning structure is not high. Even if the efficient water reducer is not added, part of the free water will be divergent and added to the cement slurry mixing, so that the ability of the efficient water reducer cannot be fully played out. 

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The United States urges the U.N. Security Council to impose additional sanctions on North Korea in response to its latest ballistic missile launch, including a ban on tobacco and oil exports to North Korea and a blacklist of the Lazarus hacking group.  

The United States circulated the draft to the 15 members of the Security Council this week. It was not immediately clear if or when a vote would take place. A resolution requires nine "yes" votes and no vetoes from Russia, China, France, Britain, or the United States.  

Russia and China have already voiced opposition to tightening sanctions in response to Pyongyang's launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile last month -- the first since 2017.  

U.S. and South Korean officials and analysts also say there are growing indications that North Korea may soon conduct its first nuclear weapons test since 2017, too.  

The U.S. -drafted U.N. resolution would expand the ban on ballistic missile launches to include cruise missiles or "any other delivery system capable of delivering a nuclear weapon."  

The deal would halve crude oil exports to North Korea to 2 million barrels a year and refined oil exports to 250,000 barrels a year. The resolution also seeks to ban North Korea's export of "fossil fuels, mineral oils, and their distilled concrete water reducer are estimated to be influenced by international political situation changes.

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